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man/man7/keyboard.7
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183
man/man7/keyboard.7
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.TH KEYBOARD 7
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.SH NAME
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keyboard \- how to type characters
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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Keyboards are idiosyncratic.
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It should be obvious how to type ordinary
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.SM ASCII
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characters,
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backspace, tab, escape, and newline.
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In Plan 9, the key labeled
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.B Return
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or
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.B Enter
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generates a newline
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.RB ( 0x0A );
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if there is a key labeled
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.B Line
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.BR Feed ,
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it generates a carriage return
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.RB ( 0x0D );
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Plan 9 eschews CRLFs.
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All control characters are typed in the usual way;
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in particular, control-J is a line feed and control-M a carriage return.
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.\" On the PC and some other machines, the key labeled
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.\" .B Caps
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.\" .B Lock
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.\" acts as an additional control key.
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.\" .PP
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.\" The delete character
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.\" .RB ( 0x7F )
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.\" may be generated by a different key,
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.\" one near the extreme upper right of the keyboard.
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.\" On the Next, it is the key labeled
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.\" .L *
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.\" (not the asterisk above the 8).
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.\" On the SLC and Sparcstation 2, delete is labeled
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.\" .B Num
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.\" .B Lock
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.\" (the key above
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.\" .B Backspace
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.\" labeled
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.\" .B Delete
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.\" functions as an additional backspace key).
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.\" On the other keyboards, the key labeled
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.\" .B Del
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.\" or
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.\" .B Delete
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.\" generates the delete character.
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.PP
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The down arrow,
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used by
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.IR 9term (1),
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.IR acme (1),
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and
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.IR sam (1),
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causes windows to scroll forward.
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The up arrow scrolls backward.
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.PP
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Characters in Plan 9 are runes (see
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.IR utf (6)).
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Any 16-bit rune can be typed using a compose key followed by several
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other keys.
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The compose key is also generally near the lower right of the main key area:
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the
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.B NUM PAD
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key on the Gnot, the
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.B Alternate
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key on the Next, the
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.B Compose
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key on the SLC, the
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.B Option
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key on the Magnum, and either
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.B Alt
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key on the PC.
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After typing the compose key, type a capital
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.L X
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and exactly four hexadecimal characters (digits and
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.L a
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to
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.LR f )
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to type a single rune with the value represented by
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the typed number.
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There are shorthands for many characters, comprising
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the compose key followed by a two- or three-character sequence.
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There are several rules guiding the design of the sequences, as
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illustrated by the following examples.
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The full list is too long to repeat here, but is contained in the file
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.L \*9/lib/keyboard
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in a format suitable for
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.IR grep (1)
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or
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.IR look (1).
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.IP
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A repeated symbol gives a variant of that symbol, e.g.,
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.B ??
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yields ¿\|.
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.IP
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.SM ASCII
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digraphs for mathematical operators give the corresponding operator, e.g.,
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.B <=
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yields ≤.
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.IP
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Two letters give the corresponding ligature, e.g.,
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.B AE
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yields Æ.
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.IP
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Mathematical and other symbols are given by abbreviations for their names, e.g.,
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.B pg
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yields ¶.
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.IP
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Chess pieces are given by a
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.B w
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or
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.B b
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followed by a letter for the piece
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.RB ( k
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for king,
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.B q
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for queen,
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.B r
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for rook,
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.B n
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for knight,
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.B b
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for bishop, or
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.B p
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for pawn),
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e.g.,
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.B wk
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for a white king.
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.IP
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Greek letters are given by an asterisk followed by a corresponding latin letter,
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e.g.,
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.B *d
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yields δ.
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.IP
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Cyrillic letters are given by an at sign followed by a corresponding latin letter or letters,
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e.g.,
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.B @ya
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yields я.
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.IP
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Script letters are given by a dollar sign followed by the corresponding regular letter,
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e.g.,
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.B $F
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yields ℱ.
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.IP
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A digraph of a symbol followed by a letter gives the letter with an accent that looks like the symbol, e.g.,
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.B ,c
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yields ç.
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.IP
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Two digits give the fraction with that numerator and denominator, e.g.,
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.B 12
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yields ½.
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.IP
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The letter s followed by a character gives that character as a superscript, e.g.,
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.B s1
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yields ⁱ.
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These characters are taken from the Unicode block 0x2070; the 1, 2, and 3
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superscripts in the Latin-1 block are available by using a capital S instead of s.
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.IP
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Sometimes a pair of characters give a symbol related to the superimposition of the characters, e.g.,
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.B cO
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yields ©.
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.IP
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A mnemonic letter followed by $ gives a currency symbol, e.g.,
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.B l$
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yields £.
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.PP
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Note the difference between ß (ss) and µ (micron) and
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the Greek β and μ.
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.SH FILES
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.TP
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.B \*9/lib/keyboard
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sorted table of characters and keyboard sequences
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.PD
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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.IR intro (1),
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.IR ascii (1),
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.IR tcs (1),
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.IR 9term (1),
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.IR acme (1),
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.IR sam (1),
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.IR utf (7)
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